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| | Flag Laws
Title 36, United States
Code (USC), Chapter 10
As amended by Public Law 344, 94th Congress
Approved July 7, 1976

§ 170. National Anthem;
Star-Spangled Banner
The composition consisting
of the words and music known as The Star-Spangled Banner is designated the
national anthem of the United States of America.
§ 171. Conduct during playing
During rendition of the
national anthem when the flag is displayed, all present except those in uniform
should stand at attention facing the flag with the right hand over the heart.
Men not in uniform should remove their headdress with their right hand and hold
it at the left shoulder, the hand being over the heart. Persons in uniform
should render the military salute at the first note of the anthem and retain
this position until the last note. When the flag is not displayed, those present
should face toward the music and act in the same manner they would if the flag
were displayed there.
§ 172. Pledge of Allegiance
to the flag; manner of delivery
The Pledge of Allegiance to
the Flag, "I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America,
and to the Republic for which it stands, one Nation under God, indivisible, with
liberty and justice for all," should be rendered by standing at attention
facing the flag with the right hand over the heart. When not in uniform men
should remove their headdress with their right hand and hold it at the left
shoulder, the hand being over the heart. Persons in uniform should remain
silent, face the flag, and render the military salute.
§ 173. Display and use of
flag by civilians; codification of rules and customs; definition
The following codification
of existing rules and customs pertaining to the display and use of the flag of
the United States of America is established for the use of such civilians or
civilian groups or organizations as may not be required to conform with
regulations promulgated by one or more executive departments of the Government
of the United States. The flag of the United States for the purposes of this
chapter shall be defined according to sections 1 and 2 of Title 4 and Executive
Order 10834 issued pursuant thereto.
§ 174. Time and occasions for
display; hoisting and lowering
(a) It is the universal
custom to display the flag only from sunrise to sunset on buildings and on
stationary flag staffs in the open. However, when a patriotic effect is
desired, the flag may be displayed twenty-four hours a day if properly
illuminated during the hours of darkness.
(b) The flag should be
hoisted briskly and lowered ceremoniously.
(c) The flag should not be
displayed on days when the weather is inclement, except when an all weather
flag is displayed.
(d) The flag should be
displayed on all days, especially on
New Year's Day - January 1
Inauguration Day - January 20
Lincoln's Birthday - February 12
Washington's Birthday - third Monday in February
Easter Sunday - (variable)
Mother's Day - second Sunday in May
Armed Forces Day - third Saturday in May
Memorial Day (half-staff until noon) - last Monday in May
Flag Day - June 14
Independence Day - July 4
Labor Day - first Monday - September 17
Columbus Day - second Monday in October
Navy Day - October 27
Veterans Day - November 11
Thanksgiving Day - fourth Thursday in November
Christmas Day - December 25
Other days as may be proclaimed by the President of the United States
Birthdays of States (date of admission)
State holidays
(e) The flag should be
displayed daily on or near the main administration building of every public
institution.
(f) The flag should be
displayed in or near every polling place on election days.
(g) The flag should be
displayed during school days in or near every schoolhouse.
Marine Corps Flag Raising on
Mount Surbiachi for the Battle of IWO JIMA
February 1945
§ 175. Position and manner of
display
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The flag, when
carried in a procession with another flag or flags, should be either
on the marching right; that is, the flag's own right, or, if there is
a line of other flags, in front of the center of that line.
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(a) The flag should not be displayed on a
float in a parade except from a staff, or as provided in subsection (i) of
this section.
(b) The flag should not be draped over
the hood, top, sides, or back of a vehicle or of a railroad train or a boat.
When the flag is displayed on a motorcar, the staff shall be fixed firmly to
the chassis or clamped to the right fender.
(c) No other flag or pennant should be
placed above, or, if on the same level, to the right of the flag of the United
States of America, except during church services conducted by naval chaplains
at sea, when the church pennant may be flown above the flag during church
services for the personnel of the Navy. No person shall display the flag of
the United Nations or any other national or international flag equal, above,
or in a position of superior prominence or honor to, or in place of, the flag
of the United States at any place within the United States or any Territory or
possession thereof: Provided, That nothing in this section shall make unlawful
the continuance of the practice heretofore followed of displaying the flag of
the United Nations in a position of superior prominence or honor, and other
national flags in positions of equal prominence or honor, with that of the
flag of the United States at the headquarters of the United Nations.
(d) The flag of the
United States of America, when it is displayed with another flag against
a wall from crossed staffs, should be on the right, the flag's own
right, and its staff should be in front of the staff of the other flag.
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(e) The flag of the
United States of America should be at the center and at the highest
point of the group when a number of flags of States or localities or
pennants of societies are grouped and displayed from staffs.
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- (f)
When flags
of States, cities, or localities, or pennants of societies are flown
on the same halyard with the flag of the United States, the latter
should always be at the peak. When the flags are flown from adjacent
staffs, the flag of the United States should be hoisted first and
lowered last. No such flag or pennant may be placed above the flag
of the United States or to the United States flag's right.

(g) When flags of two or
more nations are displayed, they are to be flown from separate staffs of the
same height. The flags should be of approximately equal size. International
usage forbids the display of the flag of one nation above that of another nation
in time of peace.
(h) When the flag of the
United States is displayed from a staff projecting horizontally or at an angle
from the window sill, balcony, or front of a building, the union of the flag
should be placed at the peak of the staff unless the flag is at half staff.
When the flag is suspended over
a sidewalk from a rope extending from a house to a pole at the edge of the
sidewalk, the flag should be hoisted out, union first, from the building.
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(i) When displayed
either horizontally or vertically against a wall, the union should be
uppermost and to the flag's own right, that is, to the observer's left. When
displayed in a window, the flag should be displayed in the same way, with
the union or blue field to the left of the observer in the street.
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(j) When the flag
is displayed over the middle of the street, it should be suspended
vertically with the union to the north in an east and west street or to
the east in a north and south street.
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(k) When used on a
speaker's platform, the flag, if displayed flat, should be displayed
above and behind the speaker.
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When displayed from a staff in
a church or public auditorium, the flag of the United States of America should
hold the position of superior prominence, in advance of the audience, and in the
position of honor at the clergyman's or speaker's right as he faces the
audience. Any other flag so displayed should be placed on the left of the
clergyman or speaker or to the right of the audience.
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(l) The flag should
form a distinctive feature of the ceremony of unveiling a statue or
monument, but it should never be used as the covering for the statue or
monument.
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(m) The flag, when flown at
half-staff, should be first hoisted to the peak for an instant and then lowered
to the half-staff position. The flag should be again raised to the peak before
it is lowered for the day.

On Memorial Day the flag
should be displayed at half-staff until noon only, then raised to the top of the
staff. By order of the President, the flag shall be flown at half-staff upon the
death of principal figures of the United States Government and the Governor of a
State, territory, or possession, as a mark of respect to their memory. In the
event of the death of other officials or foreign dignitaries, the flag is to be
displayed at half-staff according to Presidential instructions or orders, or in
accordance with recognized customs or practices not inconsistent with law. In
the event of the death of a present or former official of the government of any
State, territory, or possession of the United States, the Governor of that
State, territory, or possession may proclaim that the National flag shall be
flown at half-staff. The flag shall be flown at half-staff thirty days from the
death of the President or a former President; ten days from the death of the
Vice President, the Chief Justice or a retired Chief Justice of the United
States, or the Speaker of the House of Representatives; from the day of death
until internment of an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, a Secretary of an
executive or military department, a former Vice President, or the Governor of a
State, territory, or possession; and on the day of death and the following day
for a Member of Congress. The flag shall be flown at half-staff on Peace
Officers Memorial Day, unless that day is also Armed Forces Day. As used in this
subsection -
(1) the term
"half-staff" means the position of the flag when it is one-half the
distance between the top and bottom of the staff;
(2) the term "executive
or military department" means any agency listed under sections 101 and
102 of title 5; and
(3) the term "Member of
Congress" means a Senator, a Representative, a Delegate, or the Resident
Commissioner for Puerto Rico.

(n) When the Flag is used to
cover a casket, it should be so placed that the union is at the head and over
the left shoulder. The flag should not be lowered into the grave or allowed to
touch the ground.

(o) When the flag is suspended
across a corridor or lobby in a building with only one main entrance, it should
be suspended vertically with the union of the flag to the observer's left upon
entering. If the building has more than one main entrance, the flag should be
suspended vertically near the center of the corridor or lobby with the union to
the north, when entrances are to the east and west or to the east when entrances
are to the north and south. If there are entrances in more than two directions,
the union should be to the east.
§ 176. Respect for flag
No disrespect should be shown
to the flag of the United States of America; the flag should not be dipped to
any person or thing. Regimental colors, State flags, and organization or
institutional flags are to be dipped as a mark of honor.
(a) The flag should never
be displayed with the union down, except as a signal of dire distress in
instances of extreme danger to life or property.
(b) The flag should never
touch anything beneath it, such as the ground, the floor, water, or
merchandise.
(c) The flag should never
be carried flat or horizontally, but always aloft and free.
(d) The flag should never
be used as wearing apparel, bedding, or drapery. It should never be festooned,
drawn back, nor up, in folds, but always allowed to fall free.
Bunting of blue, white, and red always arranged with the blue above, the white
in the middle, and the red below, should be used for covering a speaker's
desk, draping the front of the platform, and for decoration in general.
(e) The flag should never
be fastened, displayed, used, or stored in such a manner as to permit it to be
easily torn, soiled, or damaged in any way.
(f) The flag should never
be used as a covering for a ceiling.
(g) The flag should never
have placed upon it, nor on any part of it, nor attached to it any mark,
insignia, letter, word, figure, design, picture, or drawing of any nature.
(h) The flag should never
be used as a receptacle for receiving, holding, carrying, or delivering
anything.
(i) The flag should never
be used for advertising purposes in any manner whatsoever. It should not be
embroidered on such articles as cushions or handkerchiefs and the like,
printed or otherwise impressed on paper napkin or boxes or anything that is
designed for temporary use and discard. Advertising signs should not be
fastened to a staff or halyard from which the flag is flown.
(j) No part of the flag
should ever be used as a costume or athletic uniform. However, a flag patch
may be affixed to the uniform of military personnel, firemen, policemen, and
members of patriotic organizations. The flag represents a living country and
is itself considered a living thing. Therefore, the lapel flag pin being a
replica, should be worn on the left lapel near the heart.
(k) The flag, when it is
in such condition that it is no longer a fitting emblem for display, should be
destroyed in a dignified way, preferably by burning.
§ 177. Conduct during
hoisting, lowering or passing of flag
During the ceremony of hoisting
or lowering the flag or when the flag is passing in a parade or in review, all
persons present except those in uniform should face the flag and stand at
attention with the right hand over the heart. Those present in uniform should
render the military salute. When not in uniform, men should remove their
headdress with their right hand and hold it at the left shoulder, the hand being
over the heart. Aliens should stand at attention. The salute to the flag in a
moving column should be rendered at the moment the flag passes.
§ 178. Modification of
rules and customs by President
Any rule or custom pertaining
to the display of the flag of the United States of America, set forth in section
171-178 of this title, may be altered, modified, or repealed, or additional
rules with respect thereto may be prescribed, by the Commander in Chief of the
Armed Forces of the United States, whenever he deems it to be appropriate or
desirable; and any such alteration or additional rule shall be set forth in a
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